This peer-reviewed study published in Nutrients investigates the effects of early oral administration of Gyneos® (DCI) in the 3×Tg humanized mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease, with a focus on brain insulin resistance and synaptic dysfunction. Using an advanced multi-omics approach combining proteomics, phosphoproteomics, gene expression, and protein analysis, the study demonstrates that DCI reverses key molecular alterations in the hippocampus associated with early neurodegeneration.
DCI treatment restored the canonical insulin signaling pathway (IRS-1/PI3K/AKT), normalized aberrant GSK-3β regulation, and corrected glutamatergic receptor imbalances linked to excitotoxicity. In parallel, DCI improved endocannabinoid signaling involved in presynaptic control of glutamate release, supporting synaptic stability and neuroprotection. Importantly, several effects showed greater efficacy in female animals, reinforcing the relevance of sex-specific metabolic interventions.
This publication positions D-chiro-inositol as a nutrient-based, disease-modifying strategy targeting early brain insulin resistance and synaptic dysfunction, providing strong scientific support for Gyneos® in women-focused cognitive aging and longevity applications.